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volunteer global networks signal the trend towards collective intelligence

following article I found at the RSS feed of kurzweilAI.net:

"Spreading the load"

They deal with the increased voluntary participation as a helper for complex calculations or sorting through the Internet.
It is split the cost of large projects on many volunteers that have Internet access. It is either used EXCESS vinegars Rechenkapazitaet their computer or take the aid workers themselves the time to do small tasks.
The same task is sent to multiple people, so that the result whether to Beisiel a photo or a spiral galaxy barred spiral galaxy shows measuring the result of a "real" scientist could.
world at the huge number of Internet users have enough of a tiny part to still move a lot of people to participate.

The operating speed of such helper Network Tools trumps because of their size slightly super computer many times. This is followed
is no change in the future, as the number of people with Internet access continues to improve and is the average speed of their computers even increases with time exponentially (Moore's Law).
same access to supercomputers and only a limited number of processors which are not much faster than in a standard PC. The high processing speed is made possible by the simultaneous use of several thousand Prozessioren. But so many helpers, you will get together on the Internet with ease.

This distribution of work reminds me very strongly to the way our brain. Tasks are easily solved through the cooperation of a network of many neurons. Such examples

amaze me again and again because they illustrate how quickly the human race moves forward to the collective intelligence.

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Integrated Neural number representations explain mental associations

First, a link to one of my previous article:

This is about Integrated Neural Representations (INR)

a mental association I define as an immediate following up an idea another idea, which was triggered by the first directly or indirectly.
This includes situations in which the second thought is triggered by something that perceives the person, because everything is perceived in a neural representation (NR) niederschlaegt and thus is thought to himself.

The concept of INR to mental associations explain completely natural. Let A be any NO. A is for reasons of natural selection (see link ) an at least partial reconstruction of INR (RNR). Now let B also any NO. Just as A is of course a RNR.
Then there exists an intersection S of INR, which occur equally in A and B. Depending on how large S, the less modification of A is necessary to obtain B and vice versa. Add to that the strength of the INR is in S of A and B. This is very high with regard to the INR of A that are not in S, very little effort is needed to get to B because the INR in A, outside S is relatively weak then, so do not play a big role. Similarly, the same applies also for example

Interestingly, it shows that you could A which associated with higher probability to B than vice versa. It is even quite unlikely given that in both directions, the same association probability is, because that would each ratio of the strength of the INR in S are exactly equal to the strength of the INR in A and B respectively. Instead of only two
NO as A and B involve the entire model can be extended to any number of NR.

increases the probability for overlaps of course, with decreasing absolute number of existing INR. The semantically optimized integration of NR plays as well with one or more vividly, in subject areas in which one knows about, a rather come as associations elsewhere.

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Semantic memory-optimized integration of neural number representations

links to previous article:

derivation for the hierarchical structure of the neural data storage

the basis of the hierarchical storage of Integrated Neural Representations (INR), one can imagine a memory tree, the first level of the base-INR is, each of which go back branches to the second level, which is in turn each of the set of base-INR, and so on.

If an NR can be composed of a few of the INR, it is easier to store, must then also because fewer connections are stored.

Since our brains do not have unlimited space, one can easily imagine that it is more effective to optimize the storage of data so that subjects with which one has more to do to stay in Gedaechtstnis easier than others. The natural selection automatically ensures That our memory tree and the base-INR is constructed to be "popular" the shortest path issues will be at the expense of other NR, which are now perhaps combined somewhat complicated by the base-INR must, but it also rarely used. Thus ensteht a semantically-based memory optimization.

shows the practice in our Gedaechsnisleistung, which varies by theme.
While some people can well remember numbers, names do not keep them long in the memory. The Erinnerungsvermoegen can thus indicate how well his brain integrates its NR, but above all else with which that person so mentally busy or not. This is certainly not new, but by INR, it can be fully explain analytically.
In computer science, these memory structures the way, standard practice.

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Globalization leads to collective intelligence

we make a link to the singularity:

singularity

Globalization leads to the interconnectedness of the world.
The limitation of our scope of action on the ground with the result that any development in any way Executed "internal" needs.
An evolution of efficiency is the consequence of global market competition
particular time is a factor that takes a lot of efficiency. Distances must be bridged in order to transport products and to furnish information. This is the Internet certainly a milestone. The trend is towards an increasingly dense network between all people in order to have uninterrupted access to everything as possible.
The closer you get to this state, the less relevant, local information. For our immediate environment is changed by the ubiquity of more and more things to the detriment of the relevance of previously existing things in our environment.
This leads to a declining significance of geographical boundaries. The growing
Koorperation between different countries is an indication. Even without the Internet there have been at least to some extent to do so (eg EU, WTO, UN).
If you think ahead a little result, it almost inevitably the denationalization of the world.
Gruppenzugehoerigkeit is determined about the future interests in common. About the corresponding spread of such groups can be anywhere in the world. The Internet connects them. Of course, before that, the electronic communication be developed much further. Complete simulation of virtual reality would be no problem in theory. The exponential development, the opportunity to be in the foreseeable future.
The Al-Qaeda, I would consider one of the first in the "Action" ARISE groups, which occurs virtually geographically independent.

The denationalization has a reverse effect of internationalization. It is always easier to international interests Use to global objectives that because fewer and fewer national barricades impede cooperation.
leads the same time, a higher global reactive. Were global settlements in the past, only with much effort brought about, the future looks very different. Humanity is increasingly resemble an intelligent network. This network is of course also be further developed in an exponential pace. Analogous to the development of the nervous system in the biological evolution, it is realistic to expect that here a kind of collective intelligence is awakened.
some, this scenario may be reminiscent of the Borg from Star Strek. The comparison is not that bad. However, it is probably not the DC circuit of individuals are necessary. Probably not even desirable.
One might then imagine that humanity as a giant brain, whose neurons are human. As a requirement for

such a collective intelligence, it would first give tasks can use anywhere where their potential, so that she trains on and on.

The global shift away from fossil energy carriers I can think of one of the first of these tasks. On the whole, is
require the development of technologies, global cooperation, made for a collective intelligence. Particularly interesting in light then my view is to the space available.

In what time frame should be imagine that?

If we assume that the singularity will occur in less than 50 years, what I do, the question is how much progress the networking before. Intuitively designed for me both about the same rate. Both followed in any case an exponential pace. One can imagine how dramatic the singularity global intelligence will step in and how quickly it all happens. But here I bestride too take the path of speculation to reliable information, especially as the reality of both developments at the limit of our imagination and beyond that moved.

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The role of renewable energy sources in the development of mankind

It is clear that petroleum, natural gas, coal and lignite limited present. Our role as people we play with a few exceptions at the moment as if that would not be the case.
will eventually need to get the change to renewable energy sources. I see this step as a kind of exam for the people. Once we've done it, so we gain a freedom that is restricted only by the technical development. We are in some degree independent of the earth because we will get a degree of freedom.

I also believe that the transition is the first collective act of our species.
Without that responds to a direct threat individually, but of humanity as it were aware of "global" is what his medium is imminent and it is like an individual in a position to rule out geziehlt.
I see this as a threshold of a new trend is being driven by globalization. But for a second time.

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What to make of the climate debate?

going for years now been the public debate about climate change.

There are several models to its consequences, and lately are always discovering new factors that all could do much worse.

But a component is not in any of the forecasts, which often involved, as the IPCC climate report, the direct consequences for predicting the people with.

It acted as if the climate cause more pro, but the world of people in a few decades more or less the same today!
But what is with the technical progress?
without self singularity can be assumed that we have in some years and even decades in some technical options are available that make the climate bearable. At least it is not unlikely. The U.S. government argued precisely with technical solutions to avoid limits for greenhouse gases.

I think not just that they propose this in terms of technology evolving exponentially, but rather from perceived economic interests. But probably they represent a more effective solution than it won, for example Europe.

If one also includes the singularity with, would be a viable short-term manipulation of the climate or the biological adaptation of man possible.

I will not criticize the actions against climate change, but you should make clear first, what benefits are expected to really like this, if today billions of subsidies required in wettbewerbsunfaehige technologies are needed to make it profitable, for which exist in a few years the technology could, they can work efficiently enough by itself. Once that happens, fossil energy sources are rapidly disappearing from the scene, because its price is in the long term can only increase, because their supply is limited. The exponential growth
Enwicklung also implies the exponentially decreasing cost. Subsidies of today can therefore hardly make a difference in development time.

It slowly is time that in politics no longer remain unheeded. Especially now that we start people to negotiate civil, global projects, all others would be ignorant.

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The optimization of neural representations of natural selection

Short reminder: In Neural Representation (NR) I understand the "picture" of information, as it is expressed by neurons in the brain. For example, through a network of electrical impulses between certain individual neurons.

I go by the theories of intuitive fragmentation, natural selection and about the universal consciousness from:


Intuitive fragmentation

Universal natural selection

awareness



, the development of the brain is controlled by genes and experience.

The recorded stimuli and their manner of processing to transform the brain of a person continuously. Each input is reflected in the NR again. The more often a NR is used, the more the connections between neurons are involved reinforced. If rarely or no use of it to waste.

What has this functionality for an effect on memories? Obviously

seen here is the competition between different NRs, the winners are distinguished by particularly frequent use. Because that's what it's what keeps you alive.

But an experience, or the corresponding input occurs exactly with vanishingly low probability even at a time and thus, their NO. On the surface
likely remain nothing in our memory. This is only true if each of NR would be completely customized. It is easy to find content overlaps between different experiences. So you could understand a NO as a combination and / or modification of other NRs.

I call such an overlap between NRs from now on "Integrated Neural Representation," or in short: "INR"
If INR is strong, it means that it is integrated in a relatively large, as frequently used NRs. It is weak when the opposite is the case.

If these INRs would also at the neuronal level would have to include only one of all NRs that are used contain the INR, so that the simultaneous use of the INR is.

If an INR is found in many NRs, the frequency of its use is relatively high. This leads to frequent its players to their neural connections.

This in turn gives you an evolutionary advantage over less strong INRs. The consequence is that strong INRs prevail in principle to weak INRs. Since NO individual of an input is almost never repeats are in the brain only INRs viable plant. So we can remember things much better when a new NO can be translated completely into existing NRs. In order to compete with existing NRs is avoided as far as possible, because existing neural structures to be used. As this recombination of NRs happens, of course, also be stored as NR or better than INR. Again, the principle: greater INRs prevailed.

call from now on I NRs, which are constructed by existing NRs at least in part, "Reconstructed Neuronal Represaentationen" or RNR.

This mechanism is well understood and practical.
when you think about a topic informed by simply memorizing information, it is not long until you forget them. If one understands the other, which mean that information, how they related and perhaps even detect connections and parallels to other topics, they will keep them much better forget literally.
what's going on?
Any information that inferences on the correlations between the individual NR learned by heart and INRs existing permits, helps an intelligent translation into a RNR.
Even if a new NR will be fully integrated is to not yet reached the same optimum efficiency. The possibility can have completely different Provide alternatives to integrate a NO. The stronger the average INRs, with which to integrate the new NR, the more efficient. The better one is reminded of the individual components of an information, the clearer the memory of the resulting RNR.


INRs strong natural selection inevitably leads to information in our brains are not stored as individual packages, but as a hierarchical structure, which works with as few basic INRs, of which all can INRs and other NRs can be reconstructed.

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Intuitive fragmentation of a situation

Since my last post for some time past, but that is about to change. I hope soon, again more Time for some items.


An interesting topic of neuroscience is that of the interplay between rational, "conscious" thinking and intuition.
How intuition works, I have already dealt with in an earlier article.

Link: human intuition

Which character is our logic can be said to be difficult. Whether they result from mechanisms of intuition, which might converge to absolute values, results and we are capable of mathematical modes of thought which are without doubt 100% accurate or whether there is really equivalent, a computer cerebral structure that is different than the Intuition is not my topic today.
To be on the no compromise, I deal with our rationality so simple as a (mathematical) logic, which we perceive as they usually without clear up exactly how it is created.

The language of rationality is mathematics. We can, based on certain conditions, analytic completely make further statements that follow from these conditions.

mathematics is objective. If we define certain axioms, it can be fixed correlations proved. They are never contradictory. The objections are legitimate

but then: Why do we

come often enough to incorrect results, even if we have concluded our knowledge, only logical?

When logic and mathematical mathematics is objective, it does not follow that we were thinking too objective when we left only apply logic in our minds?

exactly what we would do well, but not without reason that the previous sentence is in the subjunctive. Trying to think analytically completely abandoned due to the limited computing power of our brain.
While it is possible to at least 1000-fold speed work as current supercomputers, but even that is not enough.
Nothing is more difficult than the calculation of the reality. Even supercomputers have a hard time, the weather over several days in some measure accurately predict. They are now in a position several hundred trillion calculations to cope with per second.

Why is that, it is easy to understand a chess game. While we used a train far think you can look over what happens on the board still quite good. But even at two trains in the future planning produced a great many variations, as the figures could be positioned in the future. Meaning, once all the variants initially for the first train and then for each of those trains every opportunity to put another character.
The growth potential in game situations is thus exponentially. Suppose that there is in a chess game at every train an average of 20 variants to set irgenwohin any piece (under the rules), then for 2 trains would result already 20x20, so 400th
When a chess game going on a total of 50 trains, which would be about 20 ^ 50 (20 high-50) Possible Spielverlaeufe. Even a computer with the Rechenkapazitaet our brain, however, would be expected for longer than the universe is old!

And because the reality is more complex than a chess game, they can be much less vorrausberechnen.
weather simulations are therefore only rough model calculations that lead to correspondingly imprecise results. Many details are omitted so as not to unnecessarily consume much computing time. Depending on which to calculate the accuracy with which the values, only the parameters which may also be a reasonably large impact on this Have value.

is true that the human brain many powerful than today's computers, but by the exponential growth in complexity with linear increase of parameters is the reality our organ of thought quickly on the same problem as the weather simulator or a chess computer.

So we are also dependent on simplified calculations or simplified logical conclusions.


sets At this point, our intuition. Intuitive decisions are simplified as far as our information available to us, we are comfortable enough to "calculate" with these skills.
As noted in my article about explains the human intuition, this behaves according to a subconscious neural Representation of empirical data on the effects of reactions in the course of life and genes that have formed in the course of evolution.

Link: human intuition

Since intuitions are based solely on statistics does, its execution returns only on expectation values and are, strictly speaking, nothing more than Pavlovian behavior. The more complex a new situation, the less likely it is to have experienced also provides similar. This reduces the hit rate for purely intuitive behavior. If the dog rumstreunt on the streets and hear the church bell, he drools almost safe from nothing.

is an effective use of intuition, the fragmentation of situations. Various features of the current environment may have been already experienced in other contexts. The more influential each of these fragments found in the experience, the better. This increases the likelihood that the intuition is correct for a single fragment.

But what now brings this intuitive fragmentation?

come Now we return to logic. A fragment is for a temporary axiom that can now be used in a rational conclusion to guess the right response. Temporary is the axiom, because every experience influences the intuition.
A reaction I call right when they led a good as possible to the intended target.

Each fragment has a Weight corresponding to its relevance in the situation. Based on the fragments can cause the math, that objective result is expected by them, or "logical thinking". This does not result from a using the fragments formed causal chain, but can again arise from statistics. The reason would be Darfur, the individual fragments can be inadequate or only partially causally related and thus compete more fully conscious of their weight together so that there is a kind of democratic decision.
during straight contradictory intuitions of the fragments does this system contribute to. I expect that in almost every decision, both causal, also be used as a statistical method for analyzing the fragments.

lens is of course still not the whole thinking process, but only the rational part. The fragments for themselves are still products of intuition. The uncertainty factors are therefore again in the final result. In many cases, but this is still more advantageous than if his intuition completely abandoned the helm.

But that is not necessarily true. I once read about a study that should invest in experienced brokers and lay people in self-assembled funds. On average, the laymen were at the end of the study made a slightly better deal than the broker. This example illustrates how the supposedly wanted to use rational analysis, the brokers to their advantage, can pose more risks than the intuitive choice of the laity.

Compulsive rationalization of thought is therefore not very promising because it easily leads to logical errors.
Given the intuitive fragmentation is also easy to understand why it may be better, "after feeling" decisions. In situations where it is difficult to identify causal correlations between fragments of this situation, the probability instead miszuinterpretieren correlations be greater than the probability that a deceptive pure intuition.

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Universal Natural selection

I want today Leave about a theory that forms the foundation of many of my considerations and conclusions.
About a year ago I met a friend on the idea of applying the mechanisms of evolution to the Darwinian principle of all existence.

order to create first a little clarity about the conditions of which I go out I would like to begin again explain the workings of evolution theory of Charles Darwin and the Veerbung through the transfer of DNA, as I understand it:

place to be a species from which nourished exclusively on leaves of a certain kind of trees. I call these times the Blaetterfresser species, the trees and their leaves Gruenbaeume are the Gruenblaetter. In the Gruenbaeumen the leaves start at an average height of about one meter. The whole tree is on average 5 feet tall. The Blaetterfresser are usually so large that if they lift their head, from below the Gruenblaetter just reach just yet.
reproduce when two Blaetterfresser, the combined DNA of both parents new to the DNA of the child. If this recombination occurs randomly "errors" which are called mutations. What impact this will have on the child varies greatly.
A POSSIBILITY would be that they lead to lower growth.
But that is fatal for a Blaetterfresser, because they also come with a normal size only just make it vital to the Gruenblaetter. The result is offensichtlch. The diminutive animal is it difficult to feed on and thus a lower chance of survival.
ie again less chance to reproduce.
reproduction is for the Blaetterfresser the only way to get to their genetic information about their lifetime also, as for all known organisms. No good news for the small obscurities Blaetterfresser. The probability that the genes make it into a next generation, are below average. This may not be as enjoyable for those affected, but advantageous for the whole species. Because the more individuals with smaller chance of survival, the more more strongly the existence of the species is threatened. Disadvantage are not through in the genes.
could
As a counter example, the child of two Blaetterfresser but also the victim of a mutation that makes him grow exceptionally high.
That would be of enormous benefit, because that not only the lowest Gruenblaetter stalls as food aid, but some who were in the custody of the higher. This results in an average diet over the following which implies an above-average health, from which follow above-average opportunities for reproduction and thus above-average probability to be that "growth differential" prevails.
Advantageous genes share by then.

The model the Blaetterfresser I have indeed made up, but the principle is in reality always the same. Since it is not always about leaves and Koerpergroesse, but about all types of properties and environmental conditions, can be generally said that a better adaptability to the environment in the long term prevails.
These are the so-called natural selection.

Darwin referred in his book "The Origin of Life" in living things.
But is this really necessary?
If you look closely, one finds natural selection everywhere.
found on the beach, the finest sand on the furthest away from the water, WHILE in the height of the waves are often more stones, as if they would be sorted. One can easily explain how it can happen when you look at the hydro, the mass of the stones and the slope of the beach.
At this place we are not interested in the details. It is enough to know that natural forces have led to a selection.
Natural selection can occur so on even in inanimate objects.

Another example would be moral, religions and ideologies. How
organisms can spread or be forgotten.
depending on whether they take over many people, whether they are adaptable and are in harmony with others how much they "Gesellschaft developments. But time is selected completely natural.

Natural selection is therefore not bound to DNA or to a specific type of Fortpfanzung.
On closer inspection, we came to the conclusion that there can be no existence without natural selection.

An object that is in an environment exists, always with a certain degree of harmony with it. By that I mean, the environmental nuisance in some degree the state of the object. The stronger the noise factor, the more the object in conflict with his environment. The perturbation leads to the alteration of the object and the environment towards a more harmonious state. Properties of object and environment are selected so automatically, so that they act against each other less. Clearly, one can these
, Shown on a stream clear. The water fits the different resistances of the soil and vegetation, while it erodes soil and stones in return, smooth drag.

summary could be evolution by natural selection to be regarded as a universal principle. It therefore makes sense to put about, whether it is from constituting a natural law.

natural laws (www.wissen.de) are

According to the Internet Encyclopedia www.wissen.de described as attempts by natural laws of man, "the inner laws of nature be put into function relationships.

So for example, the known relationship between mass and energy with the formula:
E = m * c ^ 2
And in words:
mass converted into energy, is the product of this mass with the square of the speed of light.


The following is more speculation than on sound knowledge built Conclusions: The usual laws of nature

describe in my view, only relations of physical quantities, such as energy, forces, or fields. There are also a number of constants, which are regarded as given by nature and are valid for the whole universe.

constants (www.szallies.de)

natural selection but I see as a process that has no fixed relation to any natural laws.
For what is under consideration in a case seen as object and as an environment which is a question of interpretation. Ultimately, everything can take both roles. However, I have
also not a good idea where to classify natural selection, if you can not even put into a classical function.

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Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence

If you like to see who is busy at the moment of singularity, and what are the goals and approaches of the SIAI can watch this video again.

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singularity and ethics awareness

So maybe my description of consciousness seems rather an attempt to describe the operation of an artificial intelligence. I think in any case, the difference does not even have to be so large.
To be honest, I also will do just that ...

work If it is the singularity would be maybe a bit closer. And we do it all, or ;-)

For all who are not yet convinced of it, here's a link:
http://www.singinst.org/

Ok, there are arguments that the question of force, such singularity is really funny. This one should take seriously and critically examine together with the benefits. Usually, the love morality comes into play and then everything is double difficult.

With these questions can be in politics increasingly have to grapple - as
already playing in genetic engineering ...

Here I will also post something to it. When that will be, I can not say.
is any event, it will be difficult, it not to be too subjective.

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One of the greatest mysteries of brain research is still the human consciousness.

How can we "know" that we do something?
What does it mean that I am aware that the previous sentence has been typed a few seconds ago by myself with my keyboard?
If we look in the mirror, "know" we maintain that it is "us" is.

We can hardly imagine a rational, functioning as something should, as seems logical, that an apple from his tree falls to the ground and not of it away because the gravitational attraction to other masses of earth works (and vice versa).

exist Nevertheless, something that makes us believe at least, we would be more aware. As with the intuition believe the consciousness of many people because it is something "higher" handle. The specific nature of consciousness that is understandable. I find this explanation unsatisfactory, however ...

The functioning of the brain could be viewed as follows:

Our brain is estimated at about 100 billion neurons, each about 1000 connections to other neurons.
Our thoughts are about a term was firing electrical impulses, these compounds.
Our body is constantly in a flood of information, the input that is processed including by these pulses.
takes place after which this processing mechanisms and the influence hormones and other substances it is still unclear.

But one can assume that this information be represented in some way in the brain again. I call it that Neural Representation (NR).

The NR is an abstract reflection of reality.
This could, for example by a combination of different firing rates among a group of neurons can be realized. Each neuron then has a specific task.
(eg that with a rate of 50 times per second to neuron fires No. 345, by 1000, with which it is connected)
also whenever an alarm is called, comes out of this NR remembered. Memories would therefore be only a storage of these neural representations. What
NR submits itself to a neuron, is determined on which it receives impulses from other neurons. At a special pulse image is in turn reacts with a special Feuerate to other neurons. Precisely how it responds to what, therefore, is a Puzzlestueck the memory of an NR. As the exact Puzzlestuecke be saved is another question (current studies suggest that they could be in the DNA sequences of neurons).

Since this is only an abstract reflection, NRs are no complete figures of the input, according to internal priorities but an orderly representation of the original information. The internal Priotaet depends on the agreement with the sum already stored information from other NRs.
also plays a role, which enjoys priority information with other NRs (external priorities). Smaller external priorities have a smaller influence on the sum of all coincidences.
is this that increases with decreasing compliance of internal priority. For less agreement means greater individuality. The smaller internal priority, the less the information in a NR is taken into account.

If we become aware of a memory now, that means that we try using a NR a spiritual, to create the actual input view (not just visually). The
Unvollstaendigheiten be completed with the help of other NRs, often occurring when information is preferably as similar as possible NRs.

If we become aware that if we see a house, it's a house, we compare a created from the new input REF of the house with old NRs and NRs with similar verpnuepfen it then. Linking could be saved with their NO.

There are also NRs also that we represent themselves. Our output, we can also recognize as input and compare with older NRs ourselves.
When we think about ourselves is that that is a constant comparison between our own person, of NRs.

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determinism

Some of my future posts will relate to determinism.
why I will explain here what I mean.

Suppose one knew the exact position, speed, gravity and any kind of physical property of each element in the universe. Then one could theoretically advance to calculate precisely how these elements, such as atoms, behave in exactly 10 seconds to one another. Since all Information about if all elements are present, but one could also expect any far into the future and vorraussehen they were.

is practically not possible of course. We do not have all the information and also no computer keonnte the work all at once, without it would be at longer than the time that he should actually be calculated.

But it is enough to know that it would be theoretically possible.
So if everything is predictable, there is no chance. All that we see as a coincidence
is only a consequence of unknown parameters.

This is as it were all predetermined, so determined.
If I speak in the future of determinism, I mean this kind of predictability.

Whether the world is actually deterministic, can not be checked experimentally.
Man a general determinism can be derived from the determinism of natural laws.

An area of physics that goes against the possibly is quantum mechanics.
I do not know enough of it, to assess to what extent it excludes determinism. As far as I know, there has so far still no answer to this question.

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antipathy of Mathematics

mathematics is not very popular in our society. A friend of mine got me this one, I think, very cleverly taken the article in the FAZ said:

http://www.faz.net/s/Rub7FC5BF30C45B402F96E964EF8CE790E1/Doc ~ ~ E15F755FE4B4344F186347211A81C3FBA ATpl ~ ~ Ecommon Scontent.html


But it could give the impression that here stamped scholars collectively
charlatans. I do not think that should be the message of the article,
but it should be so but, I agree on this point does not agree with him.

However, in the humanities can measure competence much more difficult. This provides significantly more Moeglchkeiten, muddle itself. That this property is attractive to students is obvious.
This does not, there would be no ability scholars.

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human intuition

By intuition we often unconscious decisions that turn out to be advantageous nachtraeglichlich.
The question of what our intuition has not yet been clearly resolved.
It is therefore often symbolically referred to as the sixth sense, a kind of the supernatural power.

Scientifically, it would give quite a different explanation: If you

called intuition can not be explained, it is usually meant that they would
beyond our logic. It would not work with logical conclusions.
If we now look at the evolution in nature, the environment of an organism is always the determining factor, to judge by the natural selection.
Remove to environment adapted properties, a potential advantage in reproduction with him. Statistically seen in the long term is therefore a better fit.
is important to note that the environment is always included as a whole.


This suggests that our behavior is largely determined by success statistics. That which most frequently leads to success will be decided. Not necessarily what we perceive as a strictly logical. This has the advantage that you do not "accidentally" not involving any parameters, but by reference only to an invisible success statistics, depending on the situation. A conscious thought is not necessary to achieve a high success rate in convenient Decided revisions. Is now awareness
a relatively "new" development in of evolution. If one excludes the supernatural forces
remained until the development of consciousness that is no other possibility to develop custom behavior as possible, as
about experience-based success statistics.
This ability is of enormous benefit. Therefore one can assume that genes have also implemented that foster such development.

There are a number of studies to demonstrate the empirical behavior in humans.

is now known that there is a kind of consciousness. One can thus take all the thoughts in our brains together, we do not consciously process.
also has influence on our outer behavior, without us being aware can be, as this effect arises because it just happens unconsciously.

But now subject to all of our behavior and thus the subconscious
statistical approach. It can therefore be made subconsciously, so that we are not aware of how this should have come into existence, although they influence our behavior in such statistics-based decisions. That may indeed be described as our intuition.

this does not mean that we would not be able to draw logical conclusions. But this is only a possibility that has opened our consciousness.
this I'll write a later date probably still some.

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Singularity

My second entry will be devoted to the title of my blog.

not without reason that I chose Singularity.
First I want to formulate a summary
in which I will not show every detail.
But through quick Google to get there quickly to the sources.

I consider it very likely that within this century
a so-called "Singularity of Technology" will occur.
Among them is the creation of artificial intelligence that surpasses that of man to understand.
The origins of this development can be observed today.
Gordon Moore's law, written in 1975 said that this advance, that
would double every two years the number of circuit components of a computer chip
- at the same cost.
comes by the way, a doubling of speed in about the same.

fact, was the law, with few irregularities,
maintained to this day.

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooresches_Gesetz

The increased use of computers in the industry has led to similar laws
to have spread to various areas.
examples would be the resolution of displays, Internet bandwidth and digital storage
.
This development is also called "digital revolution".

It could be in The Future extrapolate how long it will take until you reach
the capacity of a human brain. This can
it would of course know the first time how quickly our brains work at all threatened. From the firing rate of synapses and their number can be calculated a theoretical speed. Without
to name at this point is a number (as I would have to search again),
one will reach this speed in products for human consumption by about 20 to 40 years.
This is admittedly a very rough indication, but parameters such as the change from the traditional chips and factors that influence the performance of the brain in unknown mass can not more accurate estimation of. Of course, it also
could still take much longer.
Consider this, however, that Moore's law led to a 1000-fold increase in speed every 20 years. One would have enormous
with the calculations of the brain speed are already next to it, so you uebertraefe this century but not yet this Refererenz with computers.
This is not to be excluded Of course anyway.

Now supposing, you reach that point someday. Shortly thereafter
would take over computers with their speed, the ability of our brain can easily
, assuming that appropriate software would also be able
be to simulate human behavior. At the moment, but rather the software developed at higher speeds than the hardware.

What follows is the singularity:
Once you have created such an artificial intelligence, it is this easier still to improve themselves and this improved AI will be improved keonnen turn faster.
This recursive cycle would lead to a tightening of the enormous speed of development.
The consequence is clear, but for most people to cope safely not so easy to
: The man of today has had its latest, from then on as the prominent species!

One can however assume that people Over the following decades EQUIPEMENT
are also themselves more and more technical enhancements.
thought-controlled prosthesis, for example, already in use. And the Allgegewaertigkeit of the Internet leads to increased work efficiency - to be able to cope with the flood of Informtion.
deeper intervention in the human brain is only a matter of time.
Any kind of artificial intervention can therefore lead to Sinularitaet.

This keonnte but also man by his own mechanization this singularity cause, without it being necessary to develop a complete irrespectively KI
.

There is an organization, the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence (SIAI), which deals extensively with this issue. The website is very informative, but given in English:

http://www.singinst.org/


That's it for now. Further contributions are to follow.

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Introduction

I am opening my personal blog.
This "new" type of publication, I see it as a practical possibility
my own ideas and impressions made public. Thematically it is
mainly to Singularitaetsbezogene things and theories about the way your brain works and the creation of artificial intelligence.
I also will probably now and then to technological developments notice that I feel is groundbreaking on the way to singularity.

I invite you therefore to the (critical) comment one of my contributions,
appears on the outside for some feedback from me to be helpful to expose
Fehlschluesse own and other perspectives in
considerations be included.

I'll put the links often. I do not guarantee
that they permit more reliable sites. In general, this should not be de case.
Among other things I also use Wikipedia links.
My original sources are not so gleichzusaetzen.
The links are only a small foot dar.

Many statements seem a bit out of thin air.
I will therefore respond with appropriate comments on the reasons detailliertereren
.

I hope my remarks will be somewhat interesting,
so that some actually bring himself to read
them or comment at all ...

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history of firefighting Wahlstorf

From 1928, when the goods were located, were it is the duty firefighters, from which as of 1934 the volunteer fire originated.
Even in our church was founded in 1934, the Volunteer Fire Wahlstorf, which initially consisted of about 13 men. The
fighting equipment consisted of a horse and cart with hand pump, which had to be operated by six men.
to continue fighting equipment included leather buckets, fire beaters, pike pole, a fire ladder and intake and carbon tubes.
Even then there was the pitch (tool shed) on the estate Wahlstorf which put the horses for a delete operation.
The alarm was carried out by the fire horn.
This happened by the community member, which kept the fire horn, was notified of the fire location and then hurried on foot or by bike through the town, while blowing the horn.
from 1935 that task fell to the holders of the post offices in Wahlstorf and Wielen, because they were easier to reach by phone lines.
first in the 50 years the town was equipped with sirens Wahlstorf, so that the complex could disappear by fire alarm horn.
still carried the fire brigade gone through this.

Modern technology reached the choice Topfer firefighters earlier.
was likely the military until 1937, with her hand pump only for the local fire safety in the community, so changed is this the beginning of 1938th
In connection with the founding purpose of the Fire Association Wahlstorf / Wittmold council decided in January 1938, the purchase of a portable pump on trailer TS 8.
In May 1943, a trolley on a Mercedes-based purchasing for the fire, which was used both as a portable pump for the tractor trailer and for more advanced fire fighting equipment. This venture
the volunteer fire department was still serving as Wahlstorf to 1965 fire engine.
Because of the newfound mobility, the military now often deployed in operations to Kiel and once even ordered up to Hamburg.
During this time, only a few comrades ensure fire safety in the community, because most men had been called up for military service.
operations 24 hours or more were not uncommon in those days.
In 1945 there were only twelve active firefighters in the military.
not until 1949 were the activities and assets again.
The fire association Wahlstorf / Wittmold was dissolved and the Wahlstorf fire again an independent community resistance.
were again regular evening service held in a corrugated iron shack on the former playground.
also decided the council in August 1949 to build a new fire station.
This was necessary because the old coach house on the estate Wahlstorf disrepair and had to be demolished.
The foundation stone was laid in the same year on land that Baron von Plessen the municipality for purposes of the fire brigade had left.
These devices are House is still used as a shed for our Pumping appliance.
early 1958 a second fire was set in Irene Wielen.
was in 1960 purchased a modern portable pump and installed in the existing Mercedes-fighting vehicle.
This fire engine was only in 1965 replaced by a portable pump vehicle (Ford Transit).
1966, then a third siren on the old school installed.
These three sirens are used to control center Plön today to alert the volunteer fire Wahlstorf.
As was concluded in 1968 that school reform Wahlstorf school, took the fire department and the organization of children's party. This was
over the years to a village feast for young and old.
In 1980 on the estate Wahlstorf a new engine house was built, allowed Baron von Plessen from 1981, also use as a festival hall for the village feast.
This hall has been so successful that even today celebrated the festival in this village machine shop.
to take this opportunity to thank the family of Plessen and estate administration for generous annual support for alignment of the village festival.

In November 1980, the transit through a new TSF, once again based on Mercedes replaced.