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Universal Natural selection

I want today Leave about a theory that forms the foundation of many of my considerations and conclusions.
About a year ago I met a friend on the idea of applying the mechanisms of evolution to the Darwinian principle of all existence.

order to create first a little clarity about the conditions of which I go out I would like to begin again explain the workings of evolution theory of Charles Darwin and the Veerbung through the transfer of DNA, as I understand it:

place to be a species from which nourished exclusively on leaves of a certain kind of trees. I call these times the Blaetterfresser species, the trees and their leaves Gruenbaeume are the Gruenblaetter. In the Gruenbaeumen the leaves start at an average height of about one meter. The whole tree is on average 5 feet tall. The Blaetterfresser are usually so large that if they lift their head, from below the Gruenblaetter just reach just yet.
reproduce when two Blaetterfresser, the combined DNA of both parents new to the DNA of the child. If this recombination occurs randomly "errors" which are called mutations. What impact this will have on the child varies greatly.
A POSSIBILITY would be that they lead to lower growth.
But that is fatal for a Blaetterfresser, because they also come with a normal size only just make it vital to the Gruenblaetter. The result is offensichtlch. The diminutive animal is it difficult to feed on and thus a lower chance of survival.
ie again less chance to reproduce.
reproduction is for the Blaetterfresser the only way to get to their genetic information about their lifetime also, as for all known organisms. No good news for the small obscurities Blaetterfresser. The probability that the genes make it into a next generation, are below average. This may not be as enjoyable for those affected, but advantageous for the whole species. Because the more individuals with smaller chance of survival, the more more strongly the existence of the species is threatened. Disadvantage are not through in the genes.
could
As a counter example, the child of two Blaetterfresser but also the victim of a mutation that makes him grow exceptionally high.
That would be of enormous benefit, because that not only the lowest Gruenblaetter stalls as food aid, but some who were in the custody of the higher. This results in an average diet over the following which implies an above-average health, from which follow above-average opportunities for reproduction and thus above-average probability to be that "growth differential" prevails.
Advantageous genes share by then.

The model the Blaetterfresser I have indeed made up, but the principle is in reality always the same. Since it is not always about leaves and Koerpergroesse, but about all types of properties and environmental conditions, can be generally said that a better adaptability to the environment in the long term prevails.
These are the so-called natural selection.

Darwin referred in his book "The Origin of Life" in living things.
But is this really necessary?
If you look closely, one finds natural selection everywhere.
found on the beach, the finest sand on the furthest away from the water, WHILE in the height of the waves are often more stones, as if they would be sorted. One can easily explain how it can happen when you look at the hydro, the mass of the stones and the slope of the beach.
At this place we are not interested in the details. It is enough to know that natural forces have led to a selection.
Natural selection can occur so on even in inanimate objects.

Another example would be moral, religions and ideologies. How
organisms can spread or be forgotten.
depending on whether they take over many people, whether they are adaptable and are in harmony with others how much they "Gesellschaft developments. But time is selected completely natural.

Natural selection is therefore not bound to DNA or to a specific type of Fortpfanzung.
On closer inspection, we came to the conclusion that there can be no existence without natural selection.

An object that is in an environment exists, always with a certain degree of harmony with it. By that I mean, the environmental nuisance in some degree the state of the object. The stronger the noise factor, the more the object in conflict with his environment. The perturbation leads to the alteration of the object and the environment towards a more harmonious state. Properties of object and environment are selected so automatically, so that they act against each other less. Clearly, one can these
, Shown on a stream clear. The water fits the different resistances of the soil and vegetation, while it erodes soil and stones in return, smooth drag.

summary could be evolution by natural selection to be regarded as a universal principle. It therefore makes sense to put about, whether it is from constituting a natural law.

natural laws (www.wissen.de) are

According to the Internet Encyclopedia www.wissen.de described as attempts by natural laws of man, "the inner laws of nature be put into function relationships.

So for example, the known relationship between mass and energy with the formula:
E = m * c ^ 2
And in words:
mass converted into energy, is the product of this mass with the square of the speed of light.


The following is more speculation than on sound knowledge built Conclusions: The usual laws of nature

describe in my view, only relations of physical quantities, such as energy, forces, or fields. There are also a number of constants, which are regarded as given by nature and are valid for the whole universe.

constants (www.szallies.de)

natural selection but I see as a process that has no fixed relation to any natural laws.
For what is under consideration in a case seen as object and as an environment which is a question of interpretation. Ultimately, everything can take both roles. However, I have
also not a good idea where to classify natural selection, if you can not even put into a classical function.

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Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence

If you like to see who is busy at the moment of singularity, and what are the goals and approaches of the SIAI can watch this video again.

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singularity and ethics awareness

So maybe my description of consciousness seems rather an attempt to describe the operation of an artificial intelligence. I think in any case, the difference does not even have to be so large.
To be honest, I also will do just that ...

work If it is the singularity would be maybe a bit closer. And we do it all, or ;-)

For all who are not yet convinced of it, here's a link:
http://www.singinst.org/

Ok, there are arguments that the question of force, such singularity is really funny. This one should take seriously and critically examine together with the benefits. Usually, the love morality comes into play and then everything is double difficult.

With these questions can be in politics increasingly have to grapple - as
already playing in genetic engineering ...

Here I will also post something to it. When that will be, I can not say.
is any event, it will be difficult, it not to be too subjective.

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One of the greatest mysteries of brain research is still the human consciousness.

How can we "know" that we do something?
What does it mean that I am aware that the previous sentence has been typed a few seconds ago by myself with my keyboard?
If we look in the mirror, "know" we maintain that it is "us" is.

We can hardly imagine a rational, functioning as something should, as seems logical, that an apple from his tree falls to the ground and not of it away because the gravitational attraction to other masses of earth works (and vice versa).

exist Nevertheless, something that makes us believe at least, we would be more aware. As with the intuition believe the consciousness of many people because it is something "higher" handle. The specific nature of consciousness that is understandable. I find this explanation unsatisfactory, however ...

The functioning of the brain could be viewed as follows:

Our brain is estimated at about 100 billion neurons, each about 1000 connections to other neurons.
Our thoughts are about a term was firing electrical impulses, these compounds.
Our body is constantly in a flood of information, the input that is processed including by these pulses.
takes place after which this processing mechanisms and the influence hormones and other substances it is still unclear.

But one can assume that this information be represented in some way in the brain again. I call it that Neural Representation (NR).

The NR is an abstract reflection of reality.
This could, for example by a combination of different firing rates among a group of neurons can be realized. Each neuron then has a specific task.
(eg that with a rate of 50 times per second to neuron fires No. 345, by 1000, with which it is connected)
also whenever an alarm is called, comes out of this NR remembered. Memories would therefore be only a storage of these neural representations. What
NR submits itself to a neuron, is determined on which it receives impulses from other neurons. At a special pulse image is in turn reacts with a special Feuerate to other neurons. Precisely how it responds to what, therefore, is a Puzzlestueck the memory of an NR. As the exact Puzzlestuecke be saved is another question (current studies suggest that they could be in the DNA sequences of neurons).

Since this is only an abstract reflection, NRs are no complete figures of the input, according to internal priorities but an orderly representation of the original information. The internal Priotaet depends on the agreement with the sum already stored information from other NRs.
also plays a role, which enjoys priority information with other NRs (external priorities). Smaller external priorities have a smaller influence on the sum of all coincidences.
is this that increases with decreasing compliance of internal priority. For less agreement means greater individuality. The smaller internal priority, the less the information in a NR is taken into account.

If we become aware of a memory now, that means that we try using a NR a spiritual, to create the actual input view (not just visually). The
Unvollstaendigheiten be completed with the help of other NRs, often occurring when information is preferably as similar as possible NRs.

If we become aware that if we see a house, it's a house, we compare a created from the new input REF of the house with old NRs and NRs with similar verpnuepfen it then. Linking could be saved with their NO.

There are also NRs also that we represent themselves. Our output, we can also recognize as input and compare with older NRs ourselves.
When we think about ourselves is that that is a constant comparison between our own person, of NRs.

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determinism

Some of my future posts will relate to determinism.
why I will explain here what I mean.

Suppose one knew the exact position, speed, gravity and any kind of physical property of each element in the universe. Then one could theoretically advance to calculate precisely how these elements, such as atoms, behave in exactly 10 seconds to one another. Since all Information about if all elements are present, but one could also expect any far into the future and vorraussehen they were.

is practically not possible of course. We do not have all the information and also no computer keonnte the work all at once, without it would be at longer than the time that he should actually be calculated.

But it is enough to know that it would be theoretically possible.
So if everything is predictable, there is no chance. All that we see as a coincidence
is only a consequence of unknown parameters.

This is as it were all predetermined, so determined.
If I speak in the future of determinism, I mean this kind of predictability.

Whether the world is actually deterministic, can not be checked experimentally.
Man a general determinism can be derived from the determinism of natural laws.

An area of physics that goes against the possibly is quantum mechanics.
I do not know enough of it, to assess to what extent it excludes determinism. As far as I know, there has so far still no answer to this question.

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antipathy of Mathematics

mathematics is not very popular in our society. A friend of mine got me this one, I think, very cleverly taken the article in the FAZ said:

http://www.faz.net/s/Rub7FC5BF30C45B402F96E964EF8CE790E1/Doc ~ ~ E15F755FE4B4344F186347211A81C3FBA ATpl ~ ~ Ecommon Scontent.html


But it could give the impression that here stamped scholars collectively
charlatans. I do not think that should be the message of the article,
but it should be so but, I agree on this point does not agree with him.

However, in the humanities can measure competence much more difficult. This provides significantly more Moeglchkeiten, muddle itself. That this property is attractive to students is obvious.
This does not, there would be no ability scholars.

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human intuition

By intuition we often unconscious decisions that turn out to be advantageous nachtraeglichlich.
The question of what our intuition has not yet been clearly resolved.
It is therefore often symbolically referred to as the sixth sense, a kind of the supernatural power.

Scientifically, it would give quite a different explanation: If you

called intuition can not be explained, it is usually meant that they would
beyond our logic. It would not work with logical conclusions.
If we now look at the evolution in nature, the environment of an organism is always the determining factor, to judge by the natural selection.
Remove to environment adapted properties, a potential advantage in reproduction with him. Statistically seen in the long term is therefore a better fit.
is important to note that the environment is always included as a whole.


This suggests that our behavior is largely determined by success statistics. That which most frequently leads to success will be decided. Not necessarily what we perceive as a strictly logical. This has the advantage that you do not "accidentally" not involving any parameters, but by reference only to an invisible success statistics, depending on the situation. A conscious thought is not necessary to achieve a high success rate in convenient Decided revisions. Is now awareness
a relatively "new" development in of evolution. If one excludes the supernatural forces
remained until the development of consciousness that is no other possibility to develop custom behavior as possible, as
about experience-based success statistics.
This ability is of enormous benefit. Therefore one can assume that genes have also implemented that foster such development.

There are a number of studies to demonstrate the empirical behavior in humans.

is now known that there is a kind of consciousness. One can thus take all the thoughts in our brains together, we do not consciously process.
also has influence on our outer behavior, without us being aware can be, as this effect arises because it just happens unconsciously.

But now subject to all of our behavior and thus the subconscious
statistical approach. It can therefore be made subconsciously, so that we are not aware of how this should have come into existence, although they influence our behavior in such statistics-based decisions. That may indeed be described as our intuition.

this does not mean that we would not be able to draw logical conclusions. But this is only a possibility that has opened our consciousness.
this I'll write a later date probably still some.

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Singularity

My second entry will be devoted to the title of my blog.

not without reason that I chose Singularity.
First I want to formulate a summary
in which I will not show every detail.
But through quick Google to get there quickly to the sources.

I consider it very likely that within this century
a so-called "Singularity of Technology" will occur.
Among them is the creation of artificial intelligence that surpasses that of man to understand.
The origins of this development can be observed today.
Gordon Moore's law, written in 1975 said that this advance, that
would double every two years the number of circuit components of a computer chip
- at the same cost.
comes by the way, a doubling of speed in about the same.

fact, was the law, with few irregularities,
maintained to this day.

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooresches_Gesetz

The increased use of computers in the industry has led to similar laws
to have spread to various areas.
examples would be the resolution of displays, Internet bandwidth and digital storage
.
This development is also called "digital revolution".

It could be in The Future extrapolate how long it will take until you reach
the capacity of a human brain. This can
it would of course know the first time how quickly our brains work at all threatened. From the firing rate of synapses and their number can be calculated a theoretical speed. Without
to name at this point is a number (as I would have to search again),
one will reach this speed in products for human consumption by about 20 to 40 years.
This is admittedly a very rough indication, but parameters such as the change from the traditional chips and factors that influence the performance of the brain in unknown mass can not more accurate estimation of. Of course, it also
could still take much longer.
Consider this, however, that Moore's law led to a 1000-fold increase in speed every 20 years. One would have enormous
with the calculations of the brain speed are already next to it, so you uebertraefe this century but not yet this Refererenz with computers.
This is not to be excluded Of course anyway.

Now supposing, you reach that point someday. Shortly thereafter
would take over computers with their speed, the ability of our brain can easily
, assuming that appropriate software would also be able
be to simulate human behavior. At the moment, but rather the software developed at higher speeds than the hardware.

What follows is the singularity:
Once you have created such an artificial intelligence, it is this easier still to improve themselves and this improved AI will be improved keonnen turn faster.
This recursive cycle would lead to a tightening of the enormous speed of development.
The consequence is clear, but for most people to cope safely not so easy to
: The man of today has had its latest, from then on as the prominent species!

One can however assume that people Over the following decades EQUIPEMENT
are also themselves more and more technical enhancements.
thought-controlled prosthesis, for example, already in use. And the Allgegewaertigkeit of the Internet leads to increased work efficiency - to be able to cope with the flood of Informtion.
deeper intervention in the human brain is only a matter of time.
Any kind of artificial intervention can therefore lead to Sinularitaet.

This keonnte but also man by his own mechanization this singularity cause, without it being necessary to develop a complete irrespectively KI
.

There is an organization, the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence (SIAI), which deals extensively with this issue. The website is very informative, but given in English:

http://www.singinst.org/


That's it for now. Further contributions are to follow.

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Introduction

I am opening my personal blog.
This "new" type of publication, I see it as a practical possibility
my own ideas and impressions made public. Thematically it is
mainly to Singularitaetsbezogene things and theories about the way your brain works and the creation of artificial intelligence.
I also will probably now and then to technological developments notice that I feel is groundbreaking on the way to singularity.

I invite you therefore to the (critical) comment one of my contributions,
appears on the outside for some feedback from me to be helpful to expose
Fehlschluesse own and other perspectives in
considerations be included.

I'll put the links often. I do not guarantee
that they permit more reliable sites. In general, this should not be de case.
Among other things I also use Wikipedia links.
My original sources are not so gleichzusaetzen.
The links are only a small foot dar.

Many statements seem a bit out of thin air.
I will therefore respond with appropriate comments on the reasons detailliertereren
.

I hope my remarks will be somewhat interesting,
so that some actually bring himself to read
them or comment at all ...